Atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) is a new trace analysis method developed after the mid 1960s. After the atomic vapor is irradiated by a light source with characteristic wavelength, some of the free atoms are excited to transition to a higher energy state and then return to a lower energy state (usually the ground state), and the characteristic spectrum emitted is called atomic fluorescence. Each element has its specific atomic fluorescence spectrum, and the content of the element to be measured in the sample can be measured according to the intensity of atomic fluorescence, which is atomic fluorescence spectrometer analysis (AFS).
According to Beer-Lambert’s Law and Taylor series expansion, it can be concluded that when the experimental conditions are fixed and the atomization efficiency is fixed, the atomic fluorescence intensity If is proportional to the concentration C of the low-concentration sample. That is:
If= alpha C (alpha is constant)
Hg-afs converts analytical elements to gaseous hydrides at room temperature based on the following reaction:
NaBH4 + 3H2O + HCl == H3BO3 + NaCl + 8H+
(2+n) H+ + Em+ == EHn + H2
In the formula, Em+ refers to ions that can form hydride elements, such as lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium, tellurium, tin, germanium, etc. In addition, mercury can form gaseous atomic mercury, and cadmium and zinc can form gaseous components, which can be analyzed by this method. The resulting hydride is introduced into a specially designed quartz furnace, where it is atomized and then excited by a light source to produce atomic fluorescence.
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